Have you ever heard someone describe God? Chances are you’ve heard words like: Holy, All-Powerful, All-Knowing, Love, Omnipresent, Good, etc. If you’ve read Crazy Love by Francis Chan, or The Knowledge of the Holy by A.W. Tozer, or heard lists of traits by A.W. Pink or Tony Evans, then you might be familiar with these words and more. But the problem then, is that you may have a mixed understanding of who God is.
Here’s why. When someone says they are going to tell us who God is, we need know if they are actually telling us who God is, or what God is. This is the difference between knowing if we are hearing attributes or character traits. God’s attributes are terms like: omniscient, omnipresent, omnipotent, Spirit, Triune, eternal, sovereign, and such. These words describe what kind of being God is, but they don’t tell us how God uses these traits. They don’t tell us His character. God is all powerful, but we don’t know, just from this attribute, whether God uses His power for good or for evil. God is everywhere, but we don’t know if He is cares about all He sees. God has all knowledge, but might He use that knowledge to manipulate. God exists eternally, but is He involved in the present.
It is the same as a friend telling us he found someone and then proceeds to say she’s a girl who lives 100 miles away, she’s tall, rich, and has a PhD. With just this information we have no idea if such a girl is good for our friend because we don’t know what she is like. We want to know if she is kind, does she lie, is she someone who can laugh at a good joke, or even has she gotten her money legally. The type of information we have, both about this girl and about God, describe what they are. And God’s attributes are impressive, but they don’t tell us what He is like because we need to know God’s character for that.
Now it would be good to get a specific overview of how God is often represented in some of the lists by Chan, Tozer, and Pink. I’ve included a graph below that compares the lists of traits these three have in their works. There are a few attributes and character traits that all three agree on and some that only two have included. Also, this graph does not mean that these men would not agree with each other on the words others have included that they don’t, and especially for Chan, as he is just giving an overview of Tozer. But many people tend to pull from a list like this to explain God. It is easy to assume with such lists that they are covering much of what needs to be covered but they are still missing some. The list includes character words like: Holy, Just, Loving, Good, Righteous, Wrathful, and Faithful. Such lists can be a little deceiving because you are getting both what God is and how God uses what He is without being told which one is which.
| Chan | Tozer | Pink |
| All-Knowing | Omniscient | Knowledge & Foreknowledge |
| All-Powerful | Omnipotent | Power of God |
| Love | Loving | Loving |
| Holy | Holy | Holy |
| Immutable | Immutable | |
| Transcendent | Supremacy | |
| Faithful | Faithful | |
| Good | Good | |
| Merciful & Gracious | Merciful & Gracious | |
| Sovereign | Sovereign | |
| Eternal | Eternal & Infinite | |
| Fair & Just | Just | |
| Incomprehensible | ||
| Triune | ||
| Self-Existent & Self Sufficient | ||
| Omnipresent | ||
| Wise | ||
| Wrath of God | ||
| Patient | ||
| Solitary | ||
| Decrees of God |
However, rarely in these lists are the full character traits of God given. This is a problem, a big problem because when not all of God’s character traits are given at the same time, then God can seem unbalanced or lop-sided and it can be easy to magnify some traits while diminishing others.
In today’s culture we tend to reduce God’s character even more than it has been reduced in the graph above. There tend to be 3-4 traits that are intended to be the all-encompassing traits of God and they are often pitted against each other with some arguing that God is Holy, Wrathful, and Just/Righteous and others arguing that God is Love. The former tends to place Love under Just and the latter tends to erase everything but Love. Of course, not everyone who brings out these character traits does so with the intent to diminish others, yet while their desire is to be balanced it is hard to do that with just those traits. The complete picture of who God is has gaps. If God’s justice also contains God’s love, then God is primarily a distant judge we should fear who punishes us because that is what we most need. On the other hand, if God is purely love, then evil runs rampant without anyone who will stop it.
Now, it is true that God is Holy, has Wrath, is Just, and is Love, yet that is not all. The problem with this whole debate is not that one side or the other perverts God’s character because both paint an incomplete picture of who God is and both tend to go farther in magnifying their preferred trait than they should.
So, how can we know who God is? The answer to knowing God’s character does not reside in which words are used more in the Bible, or which ones are repeated three times in a row (holy), or are most important to explaining atonement and salvation, or are nouns or adjectives, rather, the answer to God’s character comes from God Himself. How does God want Himself to be known? Who does God say He is?
When God revealed who He is to Moses (Ex. 34:6 & 7), God gave a list of character traits that reveal to us an idea of who He is. He did this so that Israel would know who He is, how He acts, and what He can be relied upon to do. God did not give us a list of His attributes of all the things He has the ability to do, rather He gave a list of character trait. Attributes cannot be chosen. They are the descriptions of us and what we are. Character traits are chosen. They are the boundaries that we have chosen for ourselves to act from on such a habitual, consistent basis that we can be said to embody the traits. This is what God said He chooses to act like. God is compassionate, gracious, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness, maintaining love to thousands, forgiving wickedness, rebellion, and sin, and He does not leave the guilty unpunished but punishes them to the third and fourth generations, that is, God is just.
Consider what kind of God these character traits paint. The first trait mentioned is God’s compassion. Com means ‘with’ and passion originally meant ‘to suffer’. This defines God as a God who suffers with others. Compassion is also a trait that is connected to sight or hearing. It is only when Jesus sees the crowd that He has compassion on them. God has compassion on humanity when He sees their plight. So, He watches and suffers with the human pain He sees.
The second is that God is gracious. Often God’s graciousness is mentioned with His mercy and both words are close enough in definition that they can apply to similar situations with similar results with grace giving what is undeserved and mercy not giving what is deserved. The result of both is a freedom that was not there before. But both also assume a generosity by God because He doesn’t just see needs, He gives blessings when they are not required by duty.
The third is that God is slow to anger. Yes, it is true that God does have anger, Psalm 7:11 says that God is a righteous judge who expresses His wrath every day, but the overwhelming majority of the references to God’s wrath say that God becomes angry slowly. And if the times when God’s wrath against a wayward nation is expressed, it is important to realize how long that nation had been acting that way before they were punished. This third trait ultimately is a trait of patience which is also a word used to describe God. God’s patience is His means of seeking to save us. It means there are opportunities. One failure, or even several, does not make us unredeemable forever cast into His anger. His wrath comes slowly with repeated offenses, repeated hardening of hearts, repeated rebellion, and an increase in the championing of wickedness.
The fourth and fifth is that God is abounding in love and He is abounding in faithfulness. He overflows with both. He loves and remains faithful to such degrees that He is able to maintain love for thousands. There is also no mention of the end of His love because His faithfulness preserves His love in equal measures. In the Hebrew, the word used for love here, could more accurately be described as a loving-kindness, a caring. God’s love is not ridged or only a means of His justice, because His love means that He is kind, gentle, and caring with humanity.
The sixth is that God is forgiving. He forgives wickedness, that is the evil things we do. He forgives rebellion, that is the things we know we shouldn’t do, the things He warns us in our spirits not to do, but we decide to do them anyway. And he forgives sin, the things we do that hurt others and separates us from God. All these things God has and will forgive, because that is who He is. He wants there to be relationship and is willing to let our offenses go so that we can return to Him and change our ways.
However, to show also that God is not going to forgive blindly, cheaply without any concern about repentance or the effects of wickedness, rebellion, and sin, God gives this seventh trait that those who are guilty will be punished. No one can say they can hurt others with impunity. There will be consequences for such actions, even more so when younger generations are encouraged in the ways of wickedness, rebellion and sin by their fathers. God justice here is defined and His righteousness too. He always does what is right and just for each situation because He knows what is really going on in our hearts.
God’s character is in every way designed to bring God close to mankind, and to show that He is already and has always been close, involved. Ultimately, all of these traits can be defined by the word ‘good.’ God is good. His goodness is seen by how He is willing to suffer with us, to reach out to us, to wait for us, to care for us, to always be there for us, to correct us, to protect us.
And God’s character traits listed here are repeated over and over, sometimes in part or by reference to God’s revelation to Moses. Whenever Israel interacted with God, these traits were what they relied upon. David, Nehemiah, and Jonah specifically all knew and listed these traits about God using them to direct their own actions and expectations. There are at least 22 passages in the Old Testament that mention three or more of these traits and another 19 that mention two traits, often in the same or similar order as Ex. 34:6 & 7, not counting individual references of one trait. They are all well worth studying.
They are worth studying because God’s character is worth knowing. What God is, His attributes, are important because they show us how big and great God is. But His character is even more important because we know that we can trust Him, trust His goodness, and we can draw near to Him and relate to Him as He has always been there for us. God’s attributes give us awe and appropriate fear. God’s character gives us rest and peace.